Turbine-type, fluid torque converter



March 30, 1954 A o, ROBERTS 2,673,449

TURBINE'TYFE, FLUID TORQUE CONVERTER Filed July 19, 1949 6 Sheets-Sheet l I JNVENTOR. ALBERT O. Roem-rs March 30, 1954 A. VO. ROBERTS TURBINE-TYPE, FLUID TORQUE CONVERTER 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 19. 1949 INVENToR.

ALBERT O. Raeams BY @Tron/VE# March 30, 1954 A. o. ROBERTS TURB1NETYPE, FLUID TORQUE CONVERTER 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed July 19, 1949 INVENTOR. A Leen-r O. Roaem-s HT'MNV March 30, 1954 A. o. RoBERTs 2,673,449

TURBINETYPE, FLUID TORQUE CONVERTER Filed July 19, 1949 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 /l YIIIIIIIIII'O INVENTOR. ALBERT O. Roetnrs March 30, 1954 A, 0, ROBERTS 2,673,449

TURBINE-TYPE, FLUID TORQUE CONVERTER Filed July 19, 1949 I I 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 l I ze i I INVENTOR. ALBERT O. RoaeRTs Patented Mar. 30, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TURBINE-TYPE, FLUID TORQUE CONVERTER 3 Claims.

The present invention relates to a combination uid torque converter and transmission and in particular to a hydrokinetic torque converter which includes a combination uid torque converter and transmission wherein the torque is transmitted by the combined forces from impact of the fluid from the driving to the driven member and the expulsion `of the ilud from jets provided in the periphery of the driven member.

The present invention is particularly, but not exclusively, adapted to motor vehicles. In the following specication, it will be described in connection with its use on an automobile. However, it is to be understood that the device may be used wherever it is desired to transmit torque from a driving to a driven member.

Conventional combinations of uid torque -converters and transmissions are characterized by a large number of parts which cooperate in complex relationship to provide al1 the desired effects and to perform necessary functions. One of the disadvantages of conventional torque converters is that the torque conversion drops olf very rapidly when the car attains relatively high speed.

Another disadvantage of certain conventional torque converters is that they never completely cease to transmit a driving force, even at low engine idling speed. Thus, the car will tend to creep unless held by the brake. Another particular fault arising from this same construction, is that no dental shifts may be made from neutral to forward or reverse in the transmission without some braking means to overcome the fluid drag.

In fluid torque converters of conventional design, the fluid must be chosen with regard to its lubricating properties in order to provide proper lubrication for bearings and one-way clutches. Consequently, the fluid is usually relatively light and the ilow of fluid required for a given amount of energy transfer is so great that flow losses result in low efficiency. Also, all lubricating oils have a higher viscosity than mercury, and this further reduces emciency.

Many fluid torque converters now in use are supplemented with bulky gear sets. Further, in all current transmissions known to applicant which are used with torque converters of conventional design, shifting from neutral to forward or reverse necessitates engaging members which are rotating at diierent speeds. The usual solution to this problem is to provide friction engagement instead of positive toothed or dental engagement. This results in the necessity `of at least one oil pump and larger parts.

. Therefore, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a combination fluid torque converter and transmission of simple and compact design which requires a relatively small number of parts and which is readily adapted to mass production at low -c-ost.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a combination fluid torque 4converter and transmission which requires only reverse gearing and eliminates gearing4` for forward and neutral positions, thus simplifying the construction and reducing the size of the unit.

A particular object of the present invention is to provide a iluid torque converter which is s0 constructed as to efficientIy utilize a maximum amount of kinetic energy created in the converter fluid and wherein the driven member not only absorbs energy from the fluid by impact but also continues further after impact to utilize the residual energy in the fluid by passing the fluid through small jets or orifices in the driven member to create a jet reaction effect and advantageously expend the residual energy.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a fluid torque converter which combines a transfer of kinetic energy by impact of fluid in the usual manner with a jet propulsion eiect created in the driven member by the expulsion of the converter fluid through jets provided in the said driven member, thus effecting av quick conversion of torque even at high speeds when the driving member is accelerated.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a simple and compact uid torque converter wherein the converter iluid need not possess lubricating properties, and which accomplishes an automatic overdrive.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a combination iluid torque converter and transmission which avoids the danger of accidental shifting between forward and reverse speeds when the members of the transmission are in motion, by providing a centrifugally operated lock.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a combination fluid torque converter and transmission which utilizes a ball clutch which may be easily shifted under load.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a combination fluid torque converter and transmission which contains means for locking the transmission so that the vehicle may be parked in an immovable position with the engine running.

Other objects of this invention will appear in the following description and appended claims,

reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specication wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevational side section taken along the line I-I in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is an elevational section taken along the line 2-2 in the directionuof the arrow, Fig. 1.

Fig. Bis an levational section taken along the line 3-3 in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 4 4 in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an elevational section taken along .the line 5 5 in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is an elevational section taken along-the line 6-3 in the direction of thearrows, Fig. 1

Fig. 7 is an elevational section a-tal'ierralong the line I-i in the direction of the arrows, Fig. l.

Fig. 8 is an elevational section taken along the line 8-8 in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 1.

Fig. .9 is a sectional view taken along the line 9' S in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 2.

l Fie. 10 is an enlarged sectional viewof a runner block of the present invention showing the jet in the closed position.

Fig. l1 is a sectional view ofl a runner block of the present invention showing the jet in the open position Fig. 1 2 is a schematic wiring and piping diagram of the present invention.

Before explaining the present invention in detail it is to be understoodthat the invention is not' limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried'out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

The construction of a torque converter and transmission embodying the present invention includes `the iiy wheel Vhousing i3, the converter housing 23, and the transmission housing Ti secured together vin that order. A fly wheelIS of any conventional design is contained in the fly wheel housing YI3 and secured to the input shaft 38 which is connected to the power source.

The converter A driving member orimpeller I, having a hub yla, .whichis splinedto the input shaft 38, is disposed within the .converter housing 23. The said impellerrl is provided with the `passages yt which arecurved toward the direction ofrotation of the input shaft 33. Disposed concentrically around the impeller i yis the driven member'or runner 2 which is connected to the intermediate shaft 39. As seen in Fig. 1, the runner constitutes .a rear plate |96, a forward plate |07, and runner blocks 5 boltedtherebetween. Referring to Figs. 3, 4, l0 and ll-,git ,can be seen that said runner blocks 5 are separated by the passages 1. Each block 5 is pierced at mand provided with the slot 89. At theouter en d of each passage l is the orice or jet 3.

Disposed adjacent the runner 2 within the con-v verter housing 23 is the stator plate I0 which is riveted to the fly wheel housing I3. An annularstator valve is located at the center of the stator plate I9. This .valve I I is secured to the valve h-ub I2 which is vdisposed around the hub ia ofthe impeller I. The valve hub I2 is con-- nected by the pins I5 to the valve control arm I4 which `is Ylocated. in the 'ily wheel housing |3.- AIn the driving position of applicants device, shown in the drawings, the valve hub I2 is held by spring I6 against stop pin This feature is most clearly seen in Fig. 2. An adjustable attaching member 98 is screw-threaded on the end of the solenoid arm 99. A rod |09 extends from the attaching member 98 through the guide |0| to a hooking engagement with the control arm I4. One end of the spring IE is hooked to the control arm I4 andthe other en d is screwed into internal threads in the head |92 which is disposed within `the removable cover |03. An input shaft seal is provided which is composed of the carbon ring f3 I ,steelsealing ring 32, rubber 0 ring 33, washers 34, spring 35, and retainer 33. Carbon ring 3| is pressed into ily wheel housing I3 and does not rotate. It has a flat surface 3l against which the super-nishedsurface of sealing ring 32 is held by pressure from spring 35. Sealing ring 32 rotates with the shaft 38, being driven by the retainer 36 which has teeth meshing with notches in thehub Ia of impeller I, and inwardly extending iingers which extend into notches in the. s a id sealing ring '32.

The transmission The transmission housing '|l is secured -to Athe converter housing v23 by the bolts l3| which veX- tend through the iiange 24 -in said transmission housing v'|'|. An intermediate shaft 39 is disposed within the said housing 11 and has a seal at one end similar -to the input shaft -seal previously Vdescribed. This seal consists of the carbon ring 4I) pressed vinto converter housing 23, seal ring III, rubber O ring 42, and spring 43. The ends of spring 43 are bent and inserted 'into drilled holes (not shown) in the shaft ange 9| and Vthe s eal ring lil to insure that seal -ring @I will rotate with shaft 39. A leather seal 48 is provided -to prevent transmission lubricating oil from leaking into -the converter. Very little oil will reach -this seal on account Aof the centrifugal effect when shaft /39 is rotating, and the close clearance at 49. A ball bearing 95 of Vconventional design is tted adjacent .the shaft sealron the shaft 39.

In Fig. '1, at the right end ofthe intermediate shaft V39, and aflixed thereto within the transmission :housing '|"l is shown Va sun gear 63. The teeth of the sun gear 63 mesh with the teeth of the planet pinions 62. Five of such pinions are shown in Fig. 8. The said pinions 32 also mesh with a .ring gear 64 formed on the inner wall of thedriving bell 53. The driving bell 53 is formed on or attached to the end of output shaft 90. A planet carrier 5| is mounted on the `intermediate shaft 39 and furnishes the journals 6| for the pla-.net pinions 32. A cam 5|) is disposed on said carrier 5| and is supported in place by the end plate 6,6 and the flange 59 of a shifter collar j5i. The carrier 5| is ball splined to the cam 50 iby the :balls i52 and thus always rotates with the said cam 59. The clutch balls 54 -are provided to transmit torque and areheld in place by the snap ring 55.

The shifter collar 5i is .disposed adjacent the ballclutch mechanism and is shown in Figs. 1l andG. The shift lever .58 is connected with the annular groove 82 ,by the .pins B3. The shift lever 58 is positioned on the shaft .8d which is disposed in the transmission housing ifi. A ball :85 is seated on'theend of spring 86 which is positioned in a keeper 8l, The said vkeeper 81 is screw` threaded into -a boss39 formed as a part .of the transmission housing TI. The bottom portion of the shift lever 58 is provided with :the notches 89 so that the shift 'lever will be rm-ly Yseated in position under spring tension when it is moved from one position to another. The positions of the shift lever 58 for forward, neutral or park, and reverse are indicated in Figs. 1 and 12.

Referring to Figs. l and 5, governor housing 61 is bolted to governor hub 68 which is splined to shaft 39 at 69. The governor revolves at output speed when in forward and at 2% times output speed when in reverse. Governor y weights 'IU are pivoted at 1I and mesh together at gear segments 12. Therefore, they must move in unison and balance is preserved. A light spring 13 holds the weights 1i) to their inward position when the car is stopped. Block 14 is used as a stop for the inward position of the ny weight and also as a balance weight. Lock spring 'i5 is attached to one of the fly weights 10. Except at very low car speeds, the fiy weights stand in the outer position shown and lock spring 15 is in a position to block any attempted axial movement of shifter collar 5l.l If the shift collar 51 is in the reverse position, the locking action is at shoulder 16 on the collar 51. The friction at the small pivots 1I will be practically eliminated by the slight movement of the weights during slow motion, so the spring 13 can 'be very light and therefore the lock will swing into place as soon as the car is started.

As shown in Fig. l, the output shaft 96 is disposed within the housing 92. The output shaft housing 92 is provided with the flange 25 for attachment to the transmission housing by the bolts 92. A ball bearing 96 of conventional design is fitted within the shaft housing 92 on the output shaft 90.

A seal 91 is located in the end of the shaft housing 92 to prevent oil leakage around the end end of the said shaft housing 92. The end of the output shaft 9E! is splined for engagement with a drive shaft or other driving connection. Such a connection would be suitably housed in a housing or the like at the end of the shaft housing 92, and extend into the seal 91.

An inlet tube 21, Fig. 12 and Fig. 2, leads from the reservoir 2B and is detachably secured to the flywheel housing I3. An escape tube 3D is secured to the top of the ywheel housing I3 by the screwthreaded guide 94. A passage 28 in the flywheel housing I3 leads to the annular chamber 8 in the converter housing 23. A bleeder valve 29 of conventional construction is disposed at the outlet in the escape tube 30.

A leakage reservoir 44 is provided in the flywheel housing I3. Drilled holes 45, 46 and 41 are provided to conduct any leaking converter fluid to the leakage reservoir, 44. A passage (not shown) is provided 'between the hole 41 and the reservoir 44. Plugs E04 and H15 are provided at the bottom of the leakage reservoir 44 and hole 41 to allow drainage of any converter fluid which may leak from the system.

Jet construction The orifice area of the jets is variable and the portion 4 of the runner block 5 is' in effect a cantilever beam. Centrifugal force plus increasing fluid pressure causes the end of this beam to move outward, reducing the orifice area. The purpose of this is to keep the quantity of flow constant, even though with increase in angular velocity of the runner the pressure and the jet velocity relative to the runner will increase. Fig. shows the jet structure when the runner is revolved at a high R. P. M., the cantilever arm 4 being moved outward by centrifugal force. Fig. 1 1 shows the jet structure at lowrunner R. P. M.

Filling the converter unit Converter fluid Since there are no bearings nor one-way clutches in this converter, the fluid can be selected without regard to its lubricating properties. The fluid should be of low viscosity for best efficiency and it should be as heavy as possible in order to keep the unit small and compact. Also, the fluid should be heavy for the purpose of reducing flow losses. With light fluids, the quantity of flow required for a given amount of energy transfer is so great that the flow losses result in low ei'liciency.

For the above reasons the accompanying drawings show a design suitable for the use of mercury as the fluid and designed for lb. ft. input torque. The specific gravity of mercury is 13.6 and that of mineral oils is about .92. Therefore, mercury is nearly fifteen times as heavy as oil. As designed for mercury, the runner diameter is 11 inches and the width of the passages is .40 inch. If the diameters were maintained and the width increased for the use of oil, the passages would be .4 times 15, or 6 inches Wide. If the widths were maintained and the diameter increased, the turbine diameter would be about inches for oil instead of 11 for mercury. This formula is used because of the well known fact that the capacity varies with the fifth power of the diameter. The compactness and simplicity of the design of the present invention will offset the cost of using mercury instead of oil. Further the mercury will not be lost nor consumed, it may be reclaimed from the device after its mechanical parts are worn out.

Fluid circuit The passages 6 in impeller I (the driving member) are curved in a forward direction in order to increase the tangential velocity of the luid leaving the periphery of the said impeller I. The kinetic energy of this flow when it enters passages 1 is transferred to the turbine or runner 2 (the driven member). The fluid passes through the passages 'i and changes direction, being expelled at the orifices or jets 3 in a sub# stantially different direction than which it entered. Thus, the kinetic energy which is transferred from the impeller to the runner on impact, plus the reaction force of the jets will produce a high torque in the runner 2 when it is stalled.

Closing the fluid circuit The torque converter and transmission of the present invention has a valve II in the stator I0, which automatically closes when the engine is idling. This stops all circulation of the huid. The impeller I may produce a pressure, but there is no fluid moving into the runner 2 or out of the jets 3. Therefore, no power can be transmitted when the valve II is closed. The closed valve I I is the only neutral required.

The valve II automatically closes and stops @esagera all circulationrof-'zuidiwhenthe engine is idling. .moving .control Ili .against thetension of spring `Uifthe stator passages YEi are closed, .thus cutting oi .circulation .of v the hydraulic liiuid. .Inlthe .driving position, shown in the drawings, thestator .passages 9, are wide open to allow .freecirculation vof .the fluid. The passages vare closed by .energizing the solenoid I8 .which over- .comesthe spring It and closes the passage 9.

fThefseaZs The fluid pressure within 'the annular cham- .ber 8 the Aconverter will ,at times be `very high, Ybut..near .the .central axis where the input shaft 38 .-is located, .the pressure .will always be low. .-,The rubber AO .rings .33 prevent any leakage bertween the sealring 32 and the input shaft 38. Any ,fluidescaping from the fluid circuit when .the converteris inV operation would-have to move inwardly toward Vthe axis of rotation between 1the-.closelytted surfaces of the carbon ringl andsteel-sealing ring 32, and in doing so would be moving against centrifugal force.

The seal-at the intermediate shaft 39 is substantiallythe same as Vthe seal on the input shaft 433.

No leakage can occur' at either of these seals while-rotating as Adescribed. above. If any leakage-occurs while standing, it will be conducted tothe leakage reservoir Afl by drilled holes 45, 46, and V4l. A passage (not shown) is provided f-between therhole Hand the reservoir. 4d.

'Control '.The wiring diagram for the control of the device ,of the `present invention is shown in Fig. 12. Current from the ignition Switch passes through relay I9 to the solenoid. rihe relay I9 is Lclosed either by Vshifting'to Ineutral (switch 2li) ror by releasing the accelerator (switch 2li). The accelerator vswitch 2l lbecomes inoperative above ZOImiles per hour when governor switch 2-2 -is open. This prevents the disengagement of the* drive when-the accelerator is released Iat all speeds above 20 miles per hour. Whenfthe car isbrought to a stop, the drive is disengaged by the accelerator when vit is released. If the manual shift 58 is moved to the neutral position, the drive still remains disengaged even when the accelerator is depressed.

VThe ballclutch The'provision of a means inthe converterfor stopping the fluid flow (valve II) Vmakes it unnecessary to provide a neutral. Therefore, it is feasible to use the unique ball clutch shown in the drawings. This clutch is as positive as a dental clutch but will engage easily and Vquietly regardless of the relative angular positions of the 'members being lcoupled together. Dental clutches :refuse to engage when the teeth happenlto be directly in line and the teeth -make an unpleasant noise when there is any relative motion of the members being coupled.

The ball clutch of =the present 4invention is similarto a roller type freewheel clutch except that`the cam 5.6 is designed to drive in both directions instead of driving in one `directionand freewheeling in the other. Furthermore, hardened steel balls are used instead of rollers. This makes it possible to manually move the cam axally whether it is loaded or not.

vAdouble row of balls is `disposed between-.cam 50 and the internal cylindrical surfaceof 'the driving bell-53 :whenr the shift lever is Vinforward :position Theiballslfare `imder `slightfpmelcad, e., r4.they :are in frictional contact wi-ith Jcam "50 .and ,driving bell 53. "'Torquefapplied in either direction `causes the y'-balls Vto wedge tighter as they roll on `the cam, thus-effecting-a driving one rowof balls is inthe reversereactionimember59 and the other row isdn the forward 1driving bell I53, thus positively 4vlocking-the vvehicle against rollaway.

A 'dental clutchcould notfbe used `in-t-h-is way -with a car parked on van inclina-becauseithe'iload `on the yteeth Would-'make'it\very'difcult to; dis- 'engage them. I'he'clutchi-balls'51!4 andithespline balls 53 Vwill Iroll easilyin an -axial direction^re gardless of load.

General .operation 4The device Yof Vthe ,present linvention ,provides a unique and emc-ient torque .converter-having its action modified or channeled by a Ysimple planetary transmission. A Vbroad ldescription-,of the general ,operation of `the .torque .converter and transmission of the present ,invention is .as follows:

Torque from the-power driven inputlshaftSBis transferred from the impeller :I (which is keyed to the inputshaft 32) l,to the runnerl by theimpact of the power transmitting 4fluid which is forced through the passages .6 `of the impeller I and into the passages 1 ofthe runner 2. The power transmitting fluid is expelled .throughtthe jets 3 in the runner 2 to Vincrease the torque. The runner 2 is directly connectedzto theintermediate shaft 39 at theflange 9| and the torque .is thus transmitted to saidintermediate shaft :39. The torque is then transferred throughthe -ba-llsv of the ball clutch to the bell l53 ,whenthe ishift lever 58 Vis in the forwardr position. The ,said bell 53 is connected directly .to the output sjhaft .90. The intermediate shaft v:itis v,then Ythe driving shaft `with'respect tothe driven-shaft 90. `When the balls .54 of the ball clutch are moved lout,'of engagement withthe bell 53 Iby moving .the'sh-ift lever 58 vto the reverseposition, the torqueris transmitted through the sunigear y63 (which vis secured tothe end ofthe intermediateshaft 39) to the plurality of planet -pinions 62,tandithus to theringgear-Gli whichiiszformed on theinner wall of .the bell 53. It will readily beseen that.the transfer of the motion-through theV planet pinions will transmit a reverse motion ytothebell 53 and consequently the output shaft -911 'to which the said bellg53 vis secured.

Operation in idling position When the engine is idling, the stator valve II closesthe ports -to the -sta`tor Vpassages QJand thus 'prevent circulationof -the fluidthroughj the runner ,2 :and out of-:the jets 3. V'rhereforano power can be .transmitted when the v alve II is closed. 'Referring to Fig. 12, the.solenoid .i8 is energized when .the relay .I9 isclosed and-1eurrent from the ignition switch lpasses therethrough. The relay-levis closed either by shiftingA to neutral (switch 20) or by Yreleasingtheiaccelerator (switchZI). vIfLthe manualfshiftfiis moved-to .cthexneutralixposition, 'the @drive :stille-remains disengaged felthfiliali-tha aeceleratorlmay Operation in low forward speed When the combination torque converter and transmission is operated from a stand-still position, the accelerator is depressed and the switch 2| is opened. The shift lever 5S is in the forward position, so the switch 2Q is also open. Thus the circuit through the solenoid le is open and the stator valve I l is in the open position allowing circulation of the uid. As the impeller i is rotated, the iluid is transferred through the passages 6 and into the chambers 'i of the runner 2. This impact transfers kinetic energy, and when the uid is expelled through the jets 3 in the passages 7 an increase in torque is effected. Thus, the impact force plus the jet reaction force produce a high torque in the runner 2.

As the runner 2 speeds up, the torque conversion between the impeller i and runner 2 will diminish. When the runner 2 attains the same speed as the impeller, the jets alone do the driving and the torque ratio is 1 to 1. Then, if the load will permit, the runner 2 will begin to rotate faster than the impeller i. The fluid leaving the runner 2 through the jets 3 does not strike vanes as it does in the usual torque converter, but instead is allowed to follow a circular path in the chamber 8. Its motion is backward because the jet velocity is higher than the peripheral velocity of the runner 2. chamber 8, the iiuid enters passages 9 in stator plate It. It is not necessary to freewheel the stator l because the fluid entering it is never moving in a forward direction. Therefore, the stator l 0 is riveted to the ywheel housing It instead of being mounted on a freewheel clutch as is the casein some torque converters.

The stator passages 9 change the direction of the fluid iiow from backward to forward and lead the uid back to the impeller I. Thus, the fluid enters the impeller l in a direction to assist rather than hinder the rotation. In all torque converters, the ability to produce an output torque which is greater than the input torque is the result of backward discharge of fluid from the runner (driven member). This is also true of the present unit. Since it discharges fluid backward at its outer periphery rather than near the center of rotation, the increase in torque will be considerable. The stator li) receives the backward flowing fluid and changes its direction. This produces a backward reaction in the stator l0. The output torque is equal to the input torque plus this reaction force.

Operation in high forward speed As the speed of the runner 2 is increased, centrifugal force will force the cantilever arms d of the runner blocks to move outwardly and decrease the openings in the oriiices 3. Thus, the pressure and the jet velocity relative to the runner 2 will increase. The extreme positions of the cantilever arm are shown in Figs. 10 and 11 of the drawings. Fig. 10 shows the position of the arm d at high R. P. M., and Fig. 11 shows the position of the arm i at low R. P. M. The shift lever 53 is in the forward position and the switch 26 is open. The accelerator pedal is down and thus the switch 2l is also open. Thus the circuit through the solenoid i8 is open and the stator valve Il is in the open position allowing circulation of the huid.

The propulsive effect of the jets 3 is independent of the speed of rotation of the runner 2,

Leaving the circular 1c Therefore, torque conversion 'can be realized at' higher car speeds instead of dropping off very rapidly when the car begins to accelerate 'as conventional torque converters do. For this reason,

the runner 2 will at times be driven faster than` the impeller i and an overdrive is accomplished.

' Operation in reverse l In reverse operation', the shift lever 58 is shifted to the reverse position and the accelerator is released. Thus, the switch 20 is open, but the switch 2i is closed. The circuit to the solenoid i8 is closed through the said switch 2i and there is no transmission of power since the stator valve il is closed and there isno circulation of iiuid. As the accelerator is depressed, the switch 2i is opened, the solenoid I8 is deenergized, and the stator valve H is moved to the open position.

Thus, the fluid is allowed to circulate and the torque converter becomes operative.

Operation,` ofthe ball clutch' Fig. 1 shows theball clutch is a forwarddriveA In this position the ball clutch locks: the gear set including sun geart, planet pinions.-

position.

62, and ring geants, and the entire unit-moves together. The drive is accomplished through the intermediate shaft v39,'-the sun gear 63, the" locked planet pinions 52', the carrier 5|, the ball spline 52, the cam Sil-the balls 56, the. bellv 53,.

and the output shaft 80. y

As the shift lever Vis moved to the park position, the clutch balls 54 move 1/2 as far as the shifter collar 5i and will stop with one set of balls Eli still locking the bell 53 and the other set of balls 5 locking the planet carrier 5i to the reverse reaction ring 59. The said ring 59 is permanently anchored to the housing Ti by the serrations Sil. In this position the car cannot move. However, the engine can be freely operated, because the fluid cannot circulate due to the closed position of the stator valve l i which is actuated by gear shift switch 20 previously described and shown in the wiring diagram, Fig. 12.

When the shift lever 58 is moved to the reverse position, both sets of clutch balls 54 will engage the reverse reaction ring 59. This holds carrier 5| stationary. The journals 6| upon which the planet pinions B2 revolve are integral with the carrier 5l, so sun gear $3 will drive ring gear 6d backward through the planet pinions 62. In the reverse position, the balls are held in place axially by plates $5 and 66.

From the foregoing specincation it will readily be seen that I have invented a simple and eiiicient combined fluid torque converter and transmission. The device of the present invention embodies many features and improvements which make it more practical and eifective than conventional torque converters and transmissions. Such devices as oil pumps, braking assemblies and bands, multiple stators and accompanying free wheeling assemblies, multiple pumps or impellers, and servo units are eliminated in providing a simple construction easily adapted for manufacture and assembly by mass production methods at relatively low cost.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. A torque converter including a smoothwalled converter chamber, a driving member within said converter chamber rotatable in one direction only, a driven member disposed concentrically around said driving member in the same plane as said driving member and rotatable in the same direction as said driving member, and

aflud adapted to transf-erftorqueff-rem said .driv-v ing: memberv to/saicl driven member, said driven member comprising. ae pairfof.y axially spaced an nu1ar rings:y havinga:Y plurality ofspaced` apart runner:blocks-disposedI therebetween, said run- 5 nerfbloeks being curvedat'beth'ends so that each pair of adjacent runner blocks forms a passage through the driven member curved in opposition to the directionA ot rotation-ande terminating in a jetzai the periphery: othe drivemmember., each'l of.l said: runner blocks being split. to provide a cantilever beam. Whichwillmove` to restrict, the: said. passagexandv jetas the; speed. oirotation in` therein whichcurvefoutwardly the direction:

of rotation. ofthe said drivingmember.

3. A torque converter as claimed in claim 1 andi further characterized theprovision ofv` a nonerotatable stator plate- .adiace'nt said driving and. driven membersuand having passages curvf-f ing outwardly in` thezdirection. of' rotation. of f thedriving: member and: in communication with the` passages/in said driving anddriven. members so.

that the uid r'eturnedfromi-the driven member tathedrivingfmember without impeding` thev rotation of the same.

ALBERTO. ROBERTS;

2 Iteferences` Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Number Name Date Watson May 26, 1863 Phillips Nov. 27, 1866 Reaney Oct. 12, 1869. Radcliie Nov. 15, 1910 Blymyer May 27, 1913 Fraser Aug. 26, 1930' Sperry May 26, 1931 Murphy Nov. 22, 1932V Martyrer Sept. 17, 1935 Morgan Jan. 12, 1937 Seibold Jan. 12, 1937 Fawick May 25, 1937 Sinclair Oct. 19, 1937 Cox Jan. 4, 1933 Cotterman Oct. 25, 1933 Dev Lavaud Aug. 8, 1939 De Lavaud Aug. 8, 1939 Maurer Apr, 18, 1941v Duield Jan. 18, 1944 Jandasek July 25, 1944V Jandasek May 22, 1945: Heyer May' 29, 1945 Benz Jan. 8, 1946 Russell Mar. 30, 19,48

FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain Dec. 13, 1906 

